Elizabethan Poor Laws and the Unworthy Poor Essay

Elizabethan Poor Laws and the Unworthy Poor Tara McFadden Indiana University School of Social Work Abstract Beginning in the Elizabethan Era, unworthy poor was a label placed on able bodied people that appeared to choose to not work. They were often treated harshly and in extreme cases, put to death (Shelly, 2011). In today’s society such treatment would be unheard of. The act of even labeling this group of people or other groups is discouraged and even against the NASW’s The Code of Ethics (2008). When faced with the multi billion dollar price tag of welfare, we need to make a distinction of who is worthy or unworthy to receive government assistance. The question arises on how this can be done without impeding the rights of the†¦show more content†¦The main sources for this reflection paper have been; classroom lectures and skit, The Code of Ethics (National Association of Social Workers, 2008), and the section of the Encyclopedia of Social Work on Social Policy History. The classroom experience that stood out for me was the privilege of being included in an audienc e participation skit presented by Professors Vernon and Glassburn Larimer It was based an actual town meeting in the Elizabethan period and included in it was how they dealt with their unworthy poor (2011). In addition to these educational experiences, I have my own personal experience of living off of the government for over two years along with my two children. Hindsight now leads me to label myself unworthy poor since I was able bodied, yet unwilling to work. Examine The audience participation skit allowed the class to have a unique learning experience on how a town dealt with managing its citizens including the unworthy poor. It appeared the town leaders kept the problems and solutions simple, if a person didn’t work and was able to, the person was punished. (R. Vernon, S. Glassburn Larimer, classroom skit, September 3, 2011). Curiosity leads me to question if the town officials took into account any other issues that may have interfered with a citizen’s desire to work such as various mental health concerns; depression, anxiety, PTSD, etc. When I printed off The Code of Ethics (National Association of SocialShow MoreRelated Social Welfare Past and Present Essay1325 Words   |  6 Pagesof individuals within a society. This paper will explain the progression from the feudal system and church provisions for the poor before the Elizabethan Poor Law to the gradual assumption of the responsibility for the poor by the government. A responsibility assumed not out of humanity and concern for the poor, but as a process of standardizing the ways in which the poor were to be managed. The history of social welfare reflects differences in values as they relate to social responsibility in takingRead MoreEssay about Elizabethan Theater1308 Words   |  6 Pages Elizabethan Theater Drama changed literature and theater into what it is today. I. History of Elizabethan Theater a. forming of theater 1. medieval church 2. mystery and morality b. actors 1. rogues and thieves 2. acting guilds II. Influences and people a. commanding actors 1. Shakespeare 2. Burbage b. other 1. wars of the roses (other historical influences) 2. laws restricting theater III. The theaters a. prices 1. seating 2. stage b. the theater and the globe 1. locations and characteristicsRead MoreSocial Welfare : The United States978 Words   |  4 Pages English Poor Laws During 1601, England was experiencing a severe economic depression, with large scale unemployment and widespread famine. Queen Elizabeth created a set of laws designed to maintain order of the kingdom: the English Poor Laws. †¯These laws remained in force for more than 250 years (Social Welfare History Project, 2011). These laws basically distinguished three major categories of dependents: the vagrant, the involuntary unemployed, and the helpless. The laws also set forthRead More The Charity Organization Society2239 Words   |  9 PagesCharity Organizations didn’t grant relief themselves however they served as a resource to simplify the transaction of relief to relief applicants by: maintaining relief applicant requests, records of the aid given to them, and referring those worthy or unworthy to the proper agencies (Trattner, 1999). Their goal was to eradicate fraud and duplicity of services while also maintaining efficiency and treating poverty. The charity organizatio n movement intended to treat poverty by enacting â€Å"friendly visitors†Read MoreSocial Welfare Policy Of America1436 Words   |  6 Pagesthe workforce, reliance on poor houses and work houses, and less eligibility. These traditions will be defined and then connected to the influence they have had on the modern American social policy. Calvinism is the first social policy tradition that the British brought to America with them. The idea of Calvinism allowed the poor to be understood per their character. When working hard and prospering an individual was destined to be rich; however, if an individual was poor and suffering that was whatRead More Public Sector Agencies are Best Equiped to Fight Social Injustice2558 Words   |  11 Pages American social work was built on the founding Puritan ideals of hard work, diligence, and suffering to meet goals. After adopting the Elizabethan Poor Laws from England, the United States seemed to be on its way to a private social welfare system. The Elizabethan Poor Laws created the distinction between â€Å"worthy† and â€Å"unworthy† poor and sent those â€Å"unworthy† of help to privately owned and operated workhouses (or poorhouses). The community and the family took primary responsibility for any needsRead MoreHomelessness As Positively Affected by the McKinney Act1436 Words   |  6 Pagesever present problem of homelessness. Starting at the first widespread attempt by the government with the implementation of the Elizabethan Poor Law, which placed the plight of the poor into the realm of responsibilities of the community; and serves as the very basis for our notion today of what welfare should be. It set apart the worthy and those deemed the unworthy p oor, it established indoor relief for those who were seen to have caused their own misfortunes via almshouses or outdoor relief forRead MoreThe Theme Of Social Class And Order1928 Words   |  8 Pagesand reason the extreme schism of classes present in the book. The Time Traveller, which seems to be an extension of Wells’ persona, implies â€Å"the exclusive tendency of richer people [†¦] and the widening gulf between them and the rude violence of the poor† was a key factor in the splitting of the human species along class lines, a direct hit on capitalism (Wells 62). The Elois or the â€Å"Haves†, live aboveground the in comforts of their realm, while the Morlocks or the â€Å"Have-Nots† reside underground,Read MoreThe Church Played A Huge Part Of A Christian Duty2469 Words   |  10 Pagesbecause he lived without God and simply worked for money; and when he lost it all, his heart broke with it, and he died miserably’. It was while appre nticed to a pawnbroker in the poorest area of Nottingham that Booth saw first-hand the plight of the poor. It was this experience that spurred him to at the age of 36 to set up in London The Christian Mission, which in 1878 changed its name to The Salvation Army. Booth’s vision was to offer practical support to the impoverished and needy in cities andRead More The Seriousness of in Shakespeares Comedy of Errors Essay examples1916 Words   |  8 Pagesdismissed as a mere farce, unworthy of any serious attention. Yet, when the author is Shakespeare, even a farce is well worth a second look. Shakespeare himself may have takent his comedic work quite seriously, for audiences expected comedy of his day not only to entertain, but also to morally instruct. It is not surprising, therefore, that for one of his earliest comedies, Shakespeare found a model in the plays of Plautus and Terence, which were studied in all Elizabethan Grammar Schools, praised

Romeo Juliet Free Essays

William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet was believed to be written and performed in 1954 or 1955, the Elizabethan era. The play was about two young â€Å"star-cross’d lovers† that live in Verona, whose deaths ultimately unite their feuding families. Both families are known to one another by their surnames, Montague’s Capulet’s. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo Juliet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Romeo is the son of the Lord Montague, he is the patriarch of the house of Montague and Juliet is the daughter of Lord Capulet, he is the patriarch of the house of Capulet. The two teenagers meet at the Capulet’s party, where Romeo, Mercutio and Benvolio was not meant to be. Romeo first caught glimpse of Juliet when he noticed the fish tank in the men’s toilets and whilst looking at the fish, Juliet appeared on the other side of the tank, a few moments after they seen each other, they shared a kiss in the elevator until Juliet’s nurse pulled her away and then told her that Romeo was a Montague. After the party, Romeo jumps out of Mercutio’s car to climb up a vine to Juliet’s balcony, this is known as the famous balcony scene and also the part in the tale where Romeo asks Juliet to marry him the day after they met, Juliet happily agrees. The next day Romeo visits the Friar, who does marry them with the help of Juliet’s nurse. That following evening Romeo comes to cross paths with Tybalt, Juliet’s cousin, who is also a Capulet. Mercutio retaliates to Tybalt’s insults but Tybalt has no interest in Mercutio, he wants Romeo. When Romeo turns down a brawl, Tybalt becomes angry, he wants to inflict pain on Romeo but then things erupt into disaster when Romeo tells Tybalt that he and Juliet are now married and that he wants to call a truce and Tybalt turns physically brutal, beating on Romeo. Mercutio then steps in to help Romeo and fights Tybalt, then when Mercutio is getting the best of the fight, Romeo stops Mercutio from seriously hurting Tybalt but whilst they both rest, Tybalt picks up a piece of broken glass, aiming to stab Romeo but Mercutio throws him out of the way and Mercutio is stabbed. Mercutio’s last words was to curse both houses, the Montague’ and Capulet’s. After seeing his bestfriend die to save his own life, Romeo takes revenge and shoots Tybalt dead in the fountain, in the streets of Verona. Romeo becomes banished from Verona and leaves. Juliet then fakes her own death so that she can write a letter for her and Romeo to runaway together but Romeo doesn’t receive the letter that tells him about her drinking a potion that knocks her out for 42 hours. He believes that Juliet is actually deceased, so he takes his own life by drinking poison that kills and whilst the poison was taking effect, Juliet awoke and picked up Romeos gun and shot herself in the head. Romeo and Juliet can be considered a tragedy because the protagonists – the young lovers – are faced with a momentous obstacle that results in a horrible and fatal conclusion. This is the structure of all Shakespeare’s tragedies. In the dictionary tragedy is defined as a dramatic composition, often in verse, dealing with a serious or somber theme, typically that of a great person destined through a flaw of character or conflict with some overpowering force, as fate or society, to downfall or destruction. My theory of tragedy is when there is a happy moment between people but is short lived because of death or a severe accident. I do think that Romeo and Juliet is in some way a divine tragedy because when they both die they are reunited in heaven. There are many themes in the play, one of the themes is hate. Hatred plays an important role in Romeo and Juliet, the hatred between the Montague’s and Capulet’s ends up killing their only two children, and what was this hate for? Nothing. It was just an ancient feud that no one bothered ending and If the two families had just stopped feuding earlier, the lives of the two lovers could have been saved. Hatred never leads up to anything good. Shakespeare tells us that it is senseless in fighting with someone just for the sake of fighting, this is an everlasting lesson. Although you see lots of violence, the main theme is love. You first see the role of love, when Romeo reminisces about his love interest Rosaline and then the second sighting is when Romeo first meets Juliet at the party and then when he serenades her in the Capulet’s swimming pool and on her balcony, and from then on you witness a lots of love scenes and even a few intimate scenes. Act 3 scene 1 is the climax of the whole play, Mercutio and Tybalt both die and this adds to the families ongoing feud, the role of hatred really shines in this scene because you see how vindictive and manipulative it can be with a human mind. Also love is shown during this scene because you see Mercutio risk his own life for his best friend (Romeo) and also you see Romeo taking Tybalt’s life to avenge the murder of Mercutio, Romeo didn’t want his best friend to die in vain. From this scene, you can tell that the worst isn’t over just yet and that the tragedy has just begun. Background on Italy: Verona: Verona is located in northern Italy near the border, somewhat east of Venice. During the fourteenth century, Verona was a thriving trade city that was extremely successful, but violence was not uncommon. The reasons for that violence are cited below: The Roman Empire maintained control of Italy through 400 AD, when it split into two distinct halves. The governmental faction established its capital in Constantinople and regarded the emperor as its supreme authority. The spiritual faction (often called ‘Christendom’), centered in Rome and was ruled by the pope. By the fourteenth century, the division between supporters of the emperor and supporters of the pope was firmly established. As in other Italian city-states, a fierce rivalry existed in Verona between the two sides. They fought deadly battles over the most petty of differences: blood was spilled over such trivial issues as the proper method of eating garlic and the viability of wearing a feather on the left rather than the right side of the cap. Astrology: Astrology was an integral part of Italian society and culture. Virtually every noble family in Italy had horoscopes drawn for their children upon birth, and most government leaders employed courtly astrologers to advise them on important issues of state. Many people believed that the conjunction of certain planets gave rise to different religions, and most believed that the stars dictated the outcome of wars. Throughout Romeo and Juliet, references are made to supernatural forces at work, and suggestions are continually put forward that Fate is inextricably linked to the stars. † Shakespeare was clearly aware of Italian custom in regard to astrology. The power of the stars in determining the Fate of the characters can be found numerous times in the play. Bubonic Plague: The plague decimated Europe in 1348 killing approximately one-third of the population. Famine and epidemics ensued. Overcrowding in city-states like Venice and Verona led to â€Å"fierce competition for few natural resources, further igniting the turmoil that already raged because of political and religious differences. † These conflicts are evident in Romeo and Juliet. Boethius, Tragedy, God and Fortune: In sixth century Rome, a statesman named Boethius wrote The Consolation of Philosophy; a work which attempted to explain why tragedy is a part of life. He proposed that life is governed by both God and Fortune, with Fortune serving as a sort of agent carrying out God’s master plan for the universe. He further asserted that good and bad Fortune occur randomly. This explanation allowed the later readers, during the Dark Ages and the Renaissance, to explain the misfortune they experienced because of the plague and violent conflicts. Boethius’s concepts of God, Fate, and Fortune†¦even went so far as to claim that misfortune was a greater teacher than good fortune. † Romeo and Juliet clearly â€Å"reflects fourteenth-century notions of God and Fortune as figures that work to control the fate of human beings. Background on Elizabethan England: Queen Elizabeth I: Elizabeth was the third Tudor monarch and ruled England at the height of its prosperity and affluence. In 1588 the Spanish Armada was soundly defeated during an invasion attempt. This caused England’s national pride to grow, and Elizabeth was quite popular as a result. Elizabeth was greatly touted for her â€Å"political shrewdness† and many English households were built in an â€Å"E† shape to honor her. Shakespeare also wished to please the Queen. He often wrote, in the hope that the Queen, who was a patron of the theater and arts, would enjoy his work. However, many wished to dethrone the â€Å"Virgin Queen† because she would not wed. In addition, Elizabeth was a Protestant and was constantly challenged by the Catholic Stuarts and the Puritan reformers; however, she managed to hold the throne until her death. The Danverses and the Longs: Another well-known feud of Shakespeare’s time involved the Danvers and Long families of England. Some scholars have speculated that this rivalry might have been yet another source of inspiration† for Romeo and Juliet. The feud allegedly began when â€Å"Charles and Henry Danvers killed their neighbor Henry Long. † The incident was well known throughout the country and could have been an influence on Shakespeare’s writing. How to cite Romeo Juliet, Essay examples Romeo Juliet Free Essays The Nurse and Friar Lawrence are admirable characters because they are respectively stronger parental figures to Romeo and Juliet than their actual parents. This seems to be evident because Romeo and Juliet’s parents are nasty to them, so actually pretty much anybody would be considered stronger parental figures. This is also true because both Romeo and Juliet are comfortable talking to The Nurse and Friar Lawrence about anything and they care for Romeo and Juliet as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo Juliet or any similar topic only for you Order Now And finally, this is accurate because Romeo and Juliet are able to share their secrets with The Nurse and Friar Lawrence; in particular their secret marriage. Thus, the Nurse and Friar Lawrence are stronger parental figures to Romeo and Juliet than their actual parents. Romeo and Juliet do not share a close relationship with their parents, nor do their parents know them very well. At the beginning of the play, when Romeo is moping over Rosaline, his father is worried about him but he actually does nothing about it. Juliet’s parents are nasty to her, especially her father, who is particularly horrible when she says she wants to marry for love. He tells her that he has lined up a suitable husband, meaning a wealthy one, and that is that. If she doesn’t marry Paris she will be thrown out of the house, to fend for herself. What a father does not know is that his only daughter, who he is supposed to be so concerned about, is already married to the son of his enemy, Montague. He really doesn’t communicate with his Juliet at all. Obviously she has not spoken to him about it. She cannot even share her secret about the most important moment in her life with her mother. Meanwhile, The Nurse and Friar Lawrence continue to remain strong parental figures to Romeo and Juliet. The only person who truly knows Juliet is The Nurse, who helps to arrange everything, the way a mother should. Juliet’s nurse has been with her since birth and brought her up like her own daughter. The Nurse is more of a mother figure to Juliet than her actual mother. Even though she is a servant in the Capulet household, she does love Juliet. â€Å"Thou wast the prettiest babe that e’er I nursed. And I might live to see thee married once, I have my wish. † (A1,s3,61-63). This passage also shows that The Nurse breast fed Juliet. This was because The Nurse had just lost her child, so she took care of Juliet as the child that she never had. Likewise, Friar Lawrence is the only person that truly knows Romeo. He depends on the Friar for fatherly advice. In this way the Friar is a father figure to Romeo. â€Å"That’s my good son; but where hast thou been then? † (A2,s3,48-49). This passage shows that Friar Lawrence cares for Romeo enough to ask where he was been. Friar Lawrence also came up with a plan to bring Romeo and Juliet together in Mantua, away from Verona. This was because Friar knew Romeo well enough to know that we couldn’t live without Juliet. Very few people were informed about Romeo and Juliet’s marriage. This was because word travelled very quickly in Verona, and they knew that their families would not have approved of each other because they were marrying someone who came from the family which they had despised due to countless years of feud. As a result, neither Romeo nor Juliet’s parents were informed about this marriage of theirs. Still, both The Nurse and Friar Lawrence were trusted enough by Romeo and Juliet and were both informed about their secret. The Nurse and Friar Lawrence continued to prove their trust and loyalty to Romeo and Juliet after Romeo had been banished from Verona. Friar Lawrence also came up with a plan to bring Romeo and Juliet together in Mantua, away from Verona. The Nurse and Friar Lawrence are great parental figures because they know and understand Romeo and Juliet better and they don’t protest Romeo and Juliet’s love. In essence, The Nurse and Friar Lawrence are stronger parental figures to Romeo and Juliet than their actual parents. How to cite Romeo Juliet, Papers

Accreditation of Nursing and Midwifery Courses

Question: Discuss about the Accreditation of Nursing and Midwifery Courses. Answer: Introducion: The ethical dilemma posed by a patient offering a cash gift or tip can be an embarrassing situation for a nursing professional. Most codes of ethics do not favour the acceptance of such gifts or tips because it could cause limitations. (Zahedi, et al., 2013). Viewed from the patient's perspective, it could be their way of expressing gratitude, appreciation and respect. But from the nurse's perspective the act of accepting gifts does not appear reasonable or acceptable. But there is always the consideration that people from Asian cultures might feel offended if a gift is refused. It may be necessary to at times make a judgement on case to case basis. There might be times when the care receiver is a child and may not understand professional or ethical intricacies of refusing a gift. At such times it is important for the nurse to keep the goal of care giving and not hurting the patient emotionally and accept a small gift, albeit unwillingly. In case of cash gifts though, the acceptance will break rules of ethics. As mentioned in the case, accepting a cash gift of $300 is definitely not ethical. As a nursing student it can be quite a challenge to remember the names of 'nursing theorists' and the nursing theories that they proposed. Some of the theorists and the theories that they gave are: Dorothea E. Orem Self-care Theory Virginia Henderson Need Theory Hildegard Peplau Interpersonal Theory Madeleine Leininger Transcultural Nursing It is on these and other theories given by the leading nurses that nursing education is based. Most of what we learn and will practice in future is based on the ideas of the theorists. The work ethics that will guide us through the job of care-taking, our behaviour and treatment of the patients in our care is based on the guidelines and theories propounded by some great professionals in the field of nursing. Their experiences while at work are now the lighthouses of knowledge that form the guiding principles and around those we shall build our professional careers (Olin, 2011). An enrolled nurse assists a registered nurse. Among the various roles played by an enrolled nurse are: Assessment of patient and communicating with the RN regarding patient health To monitor the impact of nursing care Evaluation of patient's health Supporting and comforting the patient Assisting the patient with daily activities A registered nurse has a Bachelor degree while an EN has a diploma in nursing. An RN has more responsibility than an EN. An RN may perform the role of an administrator, may provide services to patients that are more complex in nature and may have received training in specialised care or in carrying out research activity. The roles of an RN and EN are similar because both perform the role of care giving. Both are trained in aspects of nursing that involve administration of medication to the patients, assisting patients, communicating with and receiving instructions from doctors, documenting the patients vital parameters, and in giving first aid during emergencies ("Categories of Nurses in Australia," n.d.). Health for all citizens of Australia is a priority for the government. The website https://www.health.gov.au/ is treasure trove of information about all health disorders. People can visit the website and obtain details about any disorder that afflicts them. Remote areas in Australia are difficult to reach and have populations that are older and more prone to diseases and injury. The medical specialist outreach program has been specifically designed for people living in difficult to reach areas. The National Rural and Remote Health Infrastructure Program facilitates better access to health service to people in remote areas by providing funds. Further information can be accessed at nrrhip@health.gov.au or from 1800 780 939. The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia offers a 24 hour emergency service and can be accessed at www.flyingdoctor.org.au or contacted on 02 8259 8100. The Rural Women's GP Service provides female general practitioners to travel to communities that find it difficult to access medical care. They can be reached at 02 8259 8100.Nurses practise in an environment that is demanding and requires high degree of professionalism. The regulatory bodies and legislations provide the framework for practice. Professional nursing bodies deal with several issues related to the profession. Also required are bodies that bring improvements to the conditions of employment and maintenance, these are dealt with by the professional bodies. While nursing colleges are governed through professional bodies, providing workplace representation, bargaining for salaries and seeking good conditions of employment are looked after by industrial bodies. ANMC The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council (ANMC) is a professional body that provides a coordinating role at the national level and deals with regulatory issues that affect Australian nurses. The council has members from each state and territory and the public is represented by two members. Competency standards for nursing, giving accreditation to courses that teach nursing and a framework that sets rules for issues related to ethics, discipline and professional issues are laid down ("Standards and criteria", 2009). ACHPRA (Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency) supports the 14 health professions and regulates them under a single nationally consistent law ("Who We Are").The Joanne Briggs Institute (JBI) is an international not-for-profit institution. At the institute research is carried out under the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide. It is professional body that is engaged in promoting effective healthcare practice through collaboration with 70 other organisations across the world (Institute, 2011). Australian Council on Healthcare Standards (ACHS) is another not-for-profit organisation. Members in its council are drawn from health bodies, consumers and the government. The council plays a role as a provider of health care assessment. It involves the various stakeholders from the government, the healthcare industry and consumers and updates health standards. It is a professional body.The Queensland Nursing Union is an industrial body that represents and protects the democratic, social, political and professional interests of its members. It advocates for nurses, midwives and the patients in their care. References Standards and criteria for the Accreditation of Nursing and Midwifery Courses Leading to Registration, Enrolment, Endorsement and Authorisation in Australia- with Evidence Guide (2009, February). Retrieved from https://www.anmac.org.au. Categories of Nurses in Australia (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.nurseinaustralia.com. Institute, J. B. (2011). The Joanna Briggs Institute Best Practice Information Sheet: music as an intervention in hospitals. Nursing and Health Sciences, 13(1), 99-102. Olin, J. (2011, September 12). 7-nursing-theories-to-practice-by/. Retrieved from https://www.rncentral.com: https://www.rncentral.com/blog/2011/7-nursing-theories-to-practice-by/ Ryan, D. (2009, February). Enrolled Nurse.pdf. Retrieved from https://www.anmac.org.au. Who We Are (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ahpra.gov.au. Zahedi, F., Sanjari, M., Aala, M., Peymani, M., Aramesh, K., Parsapour, A., . Dastgerdi, M. (2013). The Code of Ethics for Nurses. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 42(1), 18.